Звуковий ландшафт: поняття та підходи до класифікації
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Канський, В. С.
Канська, В. В.
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Вінниця : ВДПУ
Abstract
У статті звертається особлива увага на те, що роль звуку у формуванні та функціонуванні ландшафтного комплексу у вітчизняній літературі висвітлено недостатньо. Під час стрімкого розвитку нових галузей науки, в ландшафтознавстві з’являються нові напрями, одним із таких є звукове ландшафтознавство. Проаналізовано історію розвитку та становлення звукового ландшафту як окремого напряму ландшафтознавства з 60-х років ХХ століття і до наших днів. Вивчено досвід зарубіжних вчених у становленні поняття звукового ландшафту та його подальший розвиток, наведено приклади дослідження впливу звуку на людський організм та на загальну картину формування ландшафту, здійснено огляд основних наукових праць, що стосуються відповідних досліджень. Запропоновано визначення звукового ландшафту, звуки якого формують «звукову картину», за якою можна визначити форму, стан, динаміку та інші властивості компонентів природного ландшафту і спрогнозувати його подальший вплив на живі організми та їх індивідуальний розвиток. У статті розглядаються підходи до класифікації звукових ландшафтів, які можна поділити на натуральні, натурально-антропогенні та антропогенні; наведено класи звукових ландшафтів за типом звучання, за звучанням у відповідну пору доби. Наведено характеристику видів звуку у ландшафті. Особлива увага звертається на те, що звуковий ландшафт формують звукові ландшафтні комплекси – звукова фація, урочище, місцевість. В рамках дослідження їм запропоновано відповідне визначення. За звукоморфологічною будовою виділено звукову морфоскульптуру, звукову морфоструктуру та звукову геоструктуру, яким наведено приклади. Класифікувати звукові ландшафти можна відповідно до класифікації антропогенних ландшафтів.
According to a high-tech research achievements landscape takes on an entirely new development and the scientists open up new horizons. Among the large number of scientific problems that confront this science, there are a number of problematic issues. One of them – this is the sound in the landscape. Particularly important today is the impact of the sound, which is caused by the rapid development of cities and places in the city. This increases the human pressure on the natural environment, and the sound of it takes not the last place. In our opinion, the sound affects the formation of the landscape. Moreover, it may in some cases be a crucial factor in the formation and functioning of a specific landscape complex. Sound landscape learning can be called experimental, but promising scientific direction. The article highlights the fact that a role of sound in the formation and functioning of a landscape complex in the domestic literature isn’t described enough. During the rapid development of new branches of science in landscape learning there are new directions. One of them is the sound landscape learning. We analyzed the history of the development and formation of the soundscape as a separate category of landscape learning from the 60-ies of XX century to the present day. We have studied the experience of foreign scientists in the development of the concept of soundscape and its further development, we gave examples of studding the sound’s effect on the human body and the overall picture of the landscape’s formation; we gave an overview of the major scientific works relating to relevant research. The definition of soundscape was suggested in the article. Soundscape is the landscape, which sounds form a «sound picture», by which you can determine the shape, condition, dynamics and other properties of the natural landscape components and to predict its further impact on living organisms and their individual development. The article discusses approaches to classification of soundscapes that can be divided into natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic; given classes of soundscapes by sound type, sounding at the appropriate time of day; the characteristic of sound types in the landscape also is showed. The sound of the landscape can be divided into two groups: a favorable (or positive) and unfavorable or negative (adverse). Soundscapes sounding at the appropriate time of day can be divided into night and day. In the anthropogenic soundscape, except natural sounds, there are artificial or digital sounds. By the sound source soundscapes can be the technogenic and the natural. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the soundscape is formed by sound landscape complexes – the sound facies, the tract, the area. In the study, they suggested an appropriate definition. For sound morphological structure the sound morphological sculpture, the sound morphological structure and the sound geological structure was allocated. Sound landscapes can classify according to the classification of anthropogenic landscapes.
According to a high-tech research achievements landscape takes on an entirely new development and the scientists open up new horizons. Among the large number of scientific problems that confront this science, there are a number of problematic issues. One of them – this is the sound in the landscape. Particularly important today is the impact of the sound, which is caused by the rapid development of cities and places in the city. This increases the human pressure on the natural environment, and the sound of it takes not the last place. In our opinion, the sound affects the formation of the landscape. Moreover, it may in some cases be a crucial factor in the formation and functioning of a specific landscape complex. Sound landscape learning can be called experimental, but promising scientific direction. The article highlights the fact that a role of sound in the formation and functioning of a landscape complex in the domestic literature isn’t described enough. During the rapid development of new branches of science in landscape learning there are new directions. One of them is the sound landscape learning. We analyzed the history of the development and formation of the soundscape as a separate category of landscape learning from the 60-ies of XX century to the present day. We have studied the experience of foreign scientists in the development of the concept of soundscape and its further development, we gave examples of studding the sound’s effect on the human body and the overall picture of the landscape’s formation; we gave an overview of the major scientific works relating to relevant research. The definition of soundscape was suggested in the article. Soundscape is the landscape, which sounds form a «sound picture», by which you can determine the shape, condition, dynamics and other properties of the natural landscape components and to predict its further impact on living organisms and their individual development. The article discusses approaches to classification of soundscapes that can be divided into natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic; given classes of soundscapes by sound type, sounding at the appropriate time of day; the characteristic of sound types in the landscape also is showed. The sound of the landscape can be divided into two groups: a favorable (or positive) and unfavorable or negative (adverse). Soundscapes sounding at the appropriate time of day can be divided into night and day. In the anthropogenic soundscape, except natural sounds, there are artificial or digital sounds. By the sound source soundscapes can be the technogenic and the natural. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the soundscape is formed by sound landscape complexes – the sound facies, the tract, the area. In the study, they suggested an appropriate definition. For sound morphological structure the sound morphological sculpture, the sound morphological structure and the sound geological structure was allocated. Sound landscapes can classify according to the classification of anthropogenic landscapes.
Description
Дослідження антропогенних ландшафтів
Citation
Канський В. С., Канська В. В. Звуковий ландшафт: поняття та підходи до класифікації. Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Географія. Вінниця, 2016. Вип. 28, №3-4. С. 11-17