До питань удосконалення та внормування терміносистеми ерозієзнавства
Loading...
Date
Authors
Дєдов, О. В.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Вінниця : ВДПУ
Abstract
З’ясовано розбіжності у розумінні й трактуванні суті поняття «ерозія ґрунту» окремими авторами, встановлено недостатньо аргументоване введення в понятійний апарат ерозієзнавства та суміжних наук однозначних термінів «ерозія ґрунту» – «водна ерозія ґрунту», «дефляція» – «вітрова ерозія». Доведено необхідність використання унормованого державним стандартом ДСТУ 7118:2009 «Якість ґрунту. Ерозія ґрунту. Терміни та визначення основних понять» терміну «ерозія ґрунту» який варто розуміти як «Зруйнування та переміщення ґрунту та ґрунтоутворювальних порід краплями дощу та поверхневим стоком тимчасових водних потоків». Розкрито суть та встановлено недостатність обґрунтовання виділення (внаслідок відсутності всіх трьох обов’язкових складових процесу ерозії – руйнування, перенесення та перевідкладання частинок зруйнованих ґрунтів і ґрунтотвірних порід (Г.І. Швебс, 1981) окремих видів – (механічної (агротехнічної), транспортної, пасовищної, технічної (технологічної) та хімічної) ерозій. Доведено необхідність відмови від використання назв перелічених видів ерозії як неунормованих вищенаведеним стандартом та послуговуватися замість них унормованим «антропогенна ерозія» яку розуміти як «ерозія ґрунту, яка є результатом антропогенної діяльності». Запропоновано,що допускається цим документом, вказувати у назві антропогенної ерозії як похідну ознаку (в дужках) вид діяльності людини що її зумовив. Наприклад «антропогенна (агротехнічна, агрохімічна, транспортна, пасовищна та ін.) ерозія». Доведено актуальність уніфікації термінологічного апарату ерозієзнавства у відповідність до з терміносистемами географії, агрономії екології, створення відповідного академічного словника спеціальних термінів.
Differences in the understanding and interpretation of the essence of the concept of «soil erosion» by some authors and insufficiently substantiated introduction of the term erosion science and related sciences to the definite terms «soil erosion» – «water erosion», «deflation» – «wind erosion» is established. The existence of various definitions of the concept of «soil erosion» that do not meet the state standard DSTU 7118: 2009 «Soil quality. Erosion. Terms and definitions of basic concepts» set. According to this document, erosion is the "Destruction and displacement of soil and soil-forming rocks by rain drops and surface runoff of temporary water flows» attention is focused. The essence and insufficient justification of separation of mechanical (agrotechnical), transport, pasture, technical (technological) and chemical types of erosion are disclosed. The destruction and mechanical movement of soil particles under the influence of gravity and the working bodies of tools without washing them with fine earth does not give grounds for its separation into a separate species – agrotechnical erosion has been proved. No water - no erosion. Mechanical movement of soil particles is only the primary cause of the activation of erosion processes due to the decrease in the power (sometimes destruction) of the humus horizon on topographically higher elements of the relief. Deeper soil horizons have a lower water permeability which enhances their washout and erosion is motivated. The essence of the so-called «transport erosion» lies not only in the destruction of vegetation, but, above all, in the compaction of soils with running gear of cars and other equipment. As a result, the sealed areas (roads without pavement, tracks including technological) reduce the permeability and increase the surface runoff and jet erosion. But this kind of erosion is only the root cause of the actual erosion is reasoned. Allocation of technical (technological) erosion, which reduces researchers to the destruction of soils in the construction of quarries, mines, pipelines, also lacks sufficient evidence. Thus there is only mechanical destruction of soils and the movement of their mass (again without the participation of water) is proved. Actually erosion or deflation can occur on artificially created elements of the terrain (slopes of embankments, quarries, depressions that are formed on the surface due to subsidence of rocks during underground mining of minerals, etc.) is motivated. The release of chemical erosion, which is explained by the accumulation in the soil of chemicals, is not convincing. The actual destruction of soils, transport of products of destruction and their repositioning does not occur. Deterioration of their structure, physicochemical, physical and other properties and decrease of antierosion resistance is observed. Separation of chemical erosion alone is inappropriate. It is suggested to attribute it to the root causes of soil erosion. The root causes of soil erosion should be attributed to it. The essence of pasture erosion lies not only in the thinning of the vegetation cover as a result of eating its animals, but also in the destruction of the turf and the movement of the soil by hooves of cattle (on the slopes) under excessive pasture loading. There is also insufficient reason to isolate this destruction of soil into a separate type of erosion. In this case there is only soil compaction, turf disturbance, reduction of grass density. This only creates the prerequisites for their destruction by water and / or by wind is proved. The need to reject the use of the names of the described erosion types as non-standardized above is justified. The malleability of using the term «anthropogenic erosion» in the sense of «soil erosion resulting from anthropogenic activity» has been used instead of the names of these erosions» is proved. To indicate in the name of anthropogenic erosion (permitted by this document) as a derivative sign (in parentheses) the type of human activity that caused it. For example, «anthropogenic (agro-technical, agrochemical, transport, pasture, etc.) erosion» is proposed. The urgency of unification of the terminological apparatus of erosion science in accordance with geosystem terminology, agronomy of ecology, creation of the corresponding academic vocabulary of special terms is proved.
Differences in the understanding and interpretation of the essence of the concept of «soil erosion» by some authors and insufficiently substantiated introduction of the term erosion science and related sciences to the definite terms «soil erosion» – «water erosion», «deflation» – «wind erosion» is established. The existence of various definitions of the concept of «soil erosion» that do not meet the state standard DSTU 7118: 2009 «Soil quality. Erosion. Terms and definitions of basic concepts» set. According to this document, erosion is the "Destruction and displacement of soil and soil-forming rocks by rain drops and surface runoff of temporary water flows» attention is focused. The essence and insufficient justification of separation of mechanical (agrotechnical), transport, pasture, technical (technological) and chemical types of erosion are disclosed. The destruction and mechanical movement of soil particles under the influence of gravity and the working bodies of tools without washing them with fine earth does not give grounds for its separation into a separate species – agrotechnical erosion has been proved. No water - no erosion. Mechanical movement of soil particles is only the primary cause of the activation of erosion processes due to the decrease in the power (sometimes destruction) of the humus horizon on topographically higher elements of the relief. Deeper soil horizons have a lower water permeability which enhances their washout and erosion is motivated. The essence of the so-called «transport erosion» lies not only in the destruction of vegetation, but, above all, in the compaction of soils with running gear of cars and other equipment. As a result, the sealed areas (roads without pavement, tracks including technological) reduce the permeability and increase the surface runoff and jet erosion. But this kind of erosion is only the root cause of the actual erosion is reasoned. Allocation of technical (technological) erosion, which reduces researchers to the destruction of soils in the construction of quarries, mines, pipelines, also lacks sufficient evidence. Thus there is only mechanical destruction of soils and the movement of their mass (again without the participation of water) is proved. Actually erosion or deflation can occur on artificially created elements of the terrain (slopes of embankments, quarries, depressions that are formed on the surface due to subsidence of rocks during underground mining of minerals, etc.) is motivated. The release of chemical erosion, which is explained by the accumulation in the soil of chemicals, is not convincing. The actual destruction of soils, transport of products of destruction and their repositioning does not occur. Deterioration of their structure, physicochemical, physical and other properties and decrease of antierosion resistance is observed. Separation of chemical erosion alone is inappropriate. It is suggested to attribute it to the root causes of soil erosion. The root causes of soil erosion should be attributed to it. The essence of pasture erosion lies not only in the thinning of the vegetation cover as a result of eating its animals, but also in the destruction of the turf and the movement of the soil by hooves of cattle (on the slopes) under excessive pasture loading. There is also insufficient reason to isolate this destruction of soil into a separate type of erosion. In this case there is only soil compaction, turf disturbance, reduction of grass density. This only creates the prerequisites for their destruction by water and / or by wind is proved. The need to reject the use of the names of the described erosion types as non-standardized above is justified. The malleability of using the term «anthropogenic erosion» in the sense of «soil erosion resulting from anthropogenic activity» has been used instead of the names of these erosions» is proved. To indicate in the name of anthropogenic erosion (permitted by this document) as a derivative sign (in parentheses) the type of human activity that caused it. For example, «anthropogenic (agro-technical, agrochemical, transport, pasture, etc.) erosion» is proposed. The urgency of unification of the terminological apparatus of erosion science in accordance with geosystem terminology, agronomy of ecology, creation of the corresponding academic vocabulary of special terms is proved.
Description
Дослідження натуральних ландшафтів
Citation
Дєдов О. В. До питань удосконалення та внормування терміносистеми ерозієзнавства. Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Географія. Вінниця, 2019. Вип. 31, №3-4. С. 26-32