Основні чинники промислового навантаження на території каньйонної долини Дністра
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Маліновська, Г. О.
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Вінниця : ВДПУ
Abstract
Проаналізовано історію видобутку корисних копалин на території каньйонної долини Дністра та сучасний стан гірничодобувної промисловості. Розглянуто мінерально-сировинну базу досліджуваної території, яка є передумовою активної гірничопромислової діяльності. З’ясовано кількість розвіданих родовищ корисних копалин та таких, що розробляються; площу земель, порушених гірничопромисловими розробками. На прикладі натурної ділянки розглянуто ступінь порушень ландшафтних комплексів, спричинених відкритим способом видобутку корисних копалин. Розглянуто інші види промислового навантаження на ландшафти каньйону, а саме забруднення шкідливими речовинами атмосферного повітря та поверхневих вод. Визначено основні підприємства-забрудники, обсяги їх викидів.
The article shows the main factors making industrial load in the territory of the canyon valley of Dniester. Mining industry has the greatest influence on the natural environment of researched territory. Flint, marsh iron ore and different constructional minerals (chalk-stone, sand, granite etc.) have been extracted in this region from the ancient times. The rich mineral and row material base of researched territory became the precondition of active mining work. The influence of the minerals extraction on the region landscapes has been analyzed. It has been found that open pit became one of the most common ways of quarring row materials. It causes the highest degree of landscape complex distruction. The article also founds out the amount of explored and quarring mineral fields, the area under mining quarries and the consequences of mineral row materials exploration. About 36 chalk-stone fields and 35 marl fields are explored here. In addition significant reserves of sand-gravel mix (19 fields), gypsum (13 fields) and sandstone(10 fields) are also explored. For today there are about 128 explored fields of mineral resources inside the researched territory, and 45 of them are quarried. The area under mining quarries occupies about 630 ha (less than 1%). Small careers (1-10 ha) are the most common. There are 25 of them. Others are middle-sized (11- 40ha). The illegal mineral resources exploration complicates the situation on the researched territory. The air and water pollution by hazardous effluents and other kinds of industrial load on the canyon landscapes are also shown in this article. Main extractive enterprises and their emissions volume are also determined. Generally in 2016 the volume of hazardous substances emitted into the atmosphere by industrial and extractive enterprises was 0.6 tonnes/km2. Food proccesing enterprises makes the biggest part of emissions.
The article shows the main factors making industrial load in the territory of the canyon valley of Dniester. Mining industry has the greatest influence on the natural environment of researched territory. Flint, marsh iron ore and different constructional minerals (chalk-stone, sand, granite etc.) have been extracted in this region from the ancient times. The rich mineral and row material base of researched territory became the precondition of active mining work. The influence of the minerals extraction on the region landscapes has been analyzed. It has been found that open pit became one of the most common ways of quarring row materials. It causes the highest degree of landscape complex distruction. The article also founds out the amount of explored and quarring mineral fields, the area under mining quarries and the consequences of mineral row materials exploration. About 36 chalk-stone fields and 35 marl fields are explored here. In addition significant reserves of sand-gravel mix (19 fields), gypsum (13 fields) and sandstone(10 fields) are also explored. For today there are about 128 explored fields of mineral resources inside the researched territory, and 45 of them are quarried. The area under mining quarries occupies about 630 ha (less than 1%). Small careers (1-10 ha) are the most common. There are 25 of them. Others are middle-sized (11- 40ha). The illegal mineral resources exploration complicates the situation on the researched territory. The air and water pollution by hazardous effluents and other kinds of industrial load on the canyon landscapes are also shown in this article. Main extractive enterprises and their emissions volume are also determined. Generally in 2016 the volume of hazardous substances emitted into the atmosphere by industrial and extractive enterprises was 0.6 tonnes/km2. Food proccesing enterprises makes the biggest part of emissions.
Description
Дослідження антропогенних ландшафтів
Citation
Маліновська Г. О. Основні чинники промислового навантаження на території каньйонної долини Дністра. Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Географія. Вінниця, 2017. Вип. 29, №3-4. С. 62-68