Вміст важких металів у дорожньому ландшафті автомагістралі Київ – Одеса
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Дідура, Р. В.
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Вінниця : ВДПУ
Abstract
У статті розглянуто проблему дослідження забруднення важкими металами дорожніх ландшафтів, що сформувалися на основі автомагістралі Київ – Одеса; проаналізовано попередній досвід подібних досліджень вітчизняними та зарубіжними науковцями, дана характеристика природних умов автомагістралі Київ – Одеса. Для проведення детальних геохімічних досліджень сучасного стану дорожніх ландшафтів виділено і обґрунтовано три натуральних ділянки, що безпосередньо примикають до автомагістралі – околиці сіл Нестерівка, Піківець та м. Умань (Клеверний міст). Проведені на цих ділянках дослідження показали, що в ґрунтах придорожніх смугах активно накопичуються цинк, свинець, кадмій та мідь, основним джерелом їх надходжень є вихлопні гази автомобілів. Зразки ґрунту відбирались на відстані: 5, 10, 15 м. від автомагістралі з глибин 0-10 см. Загалом забруднюючий вплив автотранспорту на дорожні ландшафти значний, що дало можливість залежно від вмісту важких металів у ґрунтовому покриві виокремити чотири зони: інтенсивного забруднення (0-5 м. від полотна автодороги); середнього забруднення (5-10 м.); слабкого забруднення (10 15 м.) та відносно чиста (понад 20 м. від полотна автомагістралі). Майже всі важкі метали знаходяться в межах допустимої норми, і не перебільшують ГДК на автомагістралі Київ – Одеса, однак є важкі метали, які перевищили рівень ГДК вдвічі, а саме цинк та кадмій. Зазначено також, що подібних досліджень в дорожньому ландшафті автомагістралі Київ – Одеса не проводили, що підкреслює необхідність їх продовження.
The problem of the research of the pollution of road landscapes by the heavy metals on the example of Kyiv - Odessa highway is reviewed in the article; the previous experience of similar domestic and foreign research scientists is analyzed; the environmental conditions of the Kyiv-Odessa highway is also assessed. Three natural areas directly adjacent to the highway are identified for the purpose of the detailed geochemical study of the current conditions of the road landscapes: adjacencies of town Uman (the Klevernyy Bridge), villages Nesterivka and Pikivets. The measurements conducted in those areas showed that zinc, lead, cadmium and copper are actively accumulated in the roadside soils trips. The main source of such accumulation is the vehicle exhaust gases. The samples of the soil were collected at the distance of five, ten and fifteen meters away from highway at the depth of zero to ten centimeters. Totally, the overall impact of the vehicles on the pollution is considerable and this made it possible to specify the four zones according to the concentration of the heavy metals in the soil. The first zone is the zone of high pollution (zero to five meters away from the highway), the second zone is the zone of the average pollution (five to ten meters), the third zone is the zone of low pollution (ten to fifteen meters) and the last zone of the classification is the zone of relatively clean soil (more than twenty meters away from the highway). The levels of Pb and Cu are within the norms and meet the standards of the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) throughout the study. However, the levels of Cd and Zn exceed the MPC twice. The level of Cd varies from 0.06 mg / kg near Nesterivka village, which is the maximum permissible norm, to 0.11 mg / kg near Pikivets village where the metal content exceeds the norm a half. The level of Zn exceeds its concentration only in Uman (the Klevernyy Bridge)and is 44.50 mg / kg, which differs from 0.49 mg / kg in Nesterivka village, where the concentration of the metal is at the minimum level. These results are explained by the direct dependence of the level of the heavy metals and the intensity of traffic. The abnormal local are as can be found in the study are a near Uman (the Klevernyy Bridge). Nowadays there is no state policy with legal, regulatory and economic regulation of the impact of the heavy metals on the environment and public health, the reduction of emissions of the heavy metals into the environment by vehicles, and the complete ban on the use of petrol containing heavy metals, which emphasizes the need for its continuation.
The problem of the research of the pollution of road landscapes by the heavy metals on the example of Kyiv - Odessa highway is reviewed in the article; the previous experience of similar domestic and foreign research scientists is analyzed; the environmental conditions of the Kyiv-Odessa highway is also assessed. Three natural areas directly adjacent to the highway are identified for the purpose of the detailed geochemical study of the current conditions of the road landscapes: adjacencies of town Uman (the Klevernyy Bridge), villages Nesterivka and Pikivets. The measurements conducted in those areas showed that zinc, lead, cadmium and copper are actively accumulated in the roadside soils trips. The main source of such accumulation is the vehicle exhaust gases. The samples of the soil were collected at the distance of five, ten and fifteen meters away from highway at the depth of zero to ten centimeters. Totally, the overall impact of the vehicles on the pollution is considerable and this made it possible to specify the four zones according to the concentration of the heavy metals in the soil. The first zone is the zone of high pollution (zero to five meters away from the highway), the second zone is the zone of the average pollution (five to ten meters), the third zone is the zone of low pollution (ten to fifteen meters) and the last zone of the classification is the zone of relatively clean soil (more than twenty meters away from the highway). The levels of Pb and Cu are within the norms and meet the standards of the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) throughout the study. However, the levels of Cd and Zn exceed the MPC twice. The level of Cd varies from 0.06 mg / kg near Nesterivka village, which is the maximum permissible norm, to 0.11 mg / kg near Pikivets village where the metal content exceeds the norm a half. The level of Zn exceeds its concentration only in Uman (the Klevernyy Bridge)and is 44.50 mg / kg, which differs from 0.49 mg / kg in Nesterivka village, where the concentration of the metal is at the minimum level. These results are explained by the direct dependence of the level of the heavy metals and the intensity of traffic. The abnormal local are as can be found in the study are a near Uman (the Klevernyy Bridge). Nowadays there is no state policy with legal, regulatory and economic regulation of the impact of the heavy metals on the environment and public health, the reduction of emissions of the heavy metals into the environment by vehicles, and the complete ban on the use of petrol containing heavy metals, which emphasizes the need for its continuation.
Description
Дослідження антропогенних ландшафтів
Citation
Дідура Р. В. Вміст важких металів у дорожньому ландшафті автомагістралі Київ – Одеса. Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Географія. Вінниця, 2016. Вип. 28, №3-4. С. 57-64