Удосконалення лабораторного практикуму з органічної хімії відповідно до умов сьогодення
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Підгурська, В .О.
Сакалова, Г. В.
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Вінниця: ВДПУ
Abstract
Мета статті полягає в аналізі особливостей проведення малого лабораторного практикуму як засобу вивчення курсу органічної хімії без використання реактивів, віднесених до переліку наркотичних засобів, психотропних речовин та прекурсорів. У ході написання статті були використано такі методи наукового пошуку: аналіз, синтез, порівняння, узагальнення − для з’ясування стану розв’язання досліджуваної проблеми в теорії і методиці навчання хімії, визначення теоретичних основ дослідження, а також хімічний експеримент − для проведення експериментальних досліджень та доведення ефективності теоретичних припущень. На основі аналізу наукових джерел визначено завдання, основні функції та вимоги до хімічного експерименту в процесі навчання органічної хімії. З’ясовано, що проблема застосування хімічного експерименту для вивчення основних положень будови органічних сполук, методів їх синтезу та властивостей потребують подальших досліджень щодо адаптування методики проведення дослідів до умов, за яких використання прекурсорів та токсичних речовин обмежено. Найбільшу увагу зосередили на методичних аспектах відтворення і опису дослідів окиснення органічних сполук, оскільки більшість таких дослідів необхідно було адаптувати до умов, за яких використання калій перманганату заборонено. Результати проведених досліджень довели можливість адаптації методик малого лабораторного практикуму з органічної хімії до умов, за яких виключено використання прекурсорів і токсичних речовин. Як замінник розчину калій перманганату було використано розчини калій хромату та калійдихромату і отримано позитивний результат. Напрацьовані рекомендації можна використовувати для досліджень і проведення лабораторних робіт у лабораторіях навчальних закладів
The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of conducting a small laboratory workshop as a means of studying the course of organic chemistry without the use of reagents included in the list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. During the writing of the article, such methods of scientific research as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization were used - to find out the state of solving the researched problem in the theory and methodology of teaching chemistry, to determine the theoretical foundations of the research, as well as a chemical experiment - to conduct experimental research and proving the effectiveness of theoretical assumptions. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the tasks, main functions and requirements for a chemical experiment in the process of learning organic chemistry are determined. It has been found that the problem of using a chemical experiment to study the basic principles of the structure of organic compounds, methods of their synthesis and properties requires further research in order to adapt the methodology of conducting experiments to the conditions under which the use of precursors and toxic substances is limited. The greatest attention was focused on methodological aspects of reproduction and description of experiments on the oxidation of organic compounds, since most of such experiments had to be adapted to the conditions under which the use of potassium permanganate is prohibited. The results of the conducted research showed the possibility of adapting the methods of a small laboratory workshop in organic chemistry to the conditions underwhich the use of precursors and toxic substances is excluded. As a substitute for potassium permanganate solution, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate solutions were used and a positive result was obtained. Developed recommendations can be used for research and conducting laboratory work in laboratories of educational institutions.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of conducting a small laboratory workshop as a means of studying the course of organic chemistry without the use of reagents included in the list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. During the writing of the article, such methods of scientific research as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization were used - to find out the state of solving the researched problem in the theory and methodology of teaching chemistry, to determine the theoretical foundations of the research, as well as a chemical experiment - to conduct experimental research and proving the effectiveness of theoretical assumptions. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the tasks, main functions and requirements for a chemical experiment in the process of learning organic chemistry are determined. It has been found that the problem of using a chemical experiment to study the basic principles of the structure of organic compounds, methods of their synthesis and properties requires further research in order to adapt the methodology of conducting experiments to the conditions under which the use of precursors and toxic substances is limited. The greatest attention was focused on methodological aspects of reproduction and description of experiments on the oxidation of organic compounds, since most of such experiments had to be adapted to the conditions under which the use of potassium permanganate is prohibited. The results of the conducted research showed the possibility of adapting the methods of a small laboratory workshop in organic chemistry to the conditions underwhich the use of precursors and toxic substances is excluded. As a substitute for potassium permanganate solution, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate solutions were used and a positive result was obtained. Developed recommendations can be used for research and conducting laboratory work in laboratories of educational institutions.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of conducting a small laboratory workshop as a means of studying the course of organic chemistry without the use of reagents included in the list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. During the writing of the article, such methods of scientific research as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization were used - to find out the state of solving the researched problem in the theory and methodology of teaching chemistry, to determine the theoretical foundations of the research, as well as a chemical experiment - to conduct experimental research and proving the effectiveness of theoretical assumptions. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the tasks, main functions and requirements for a chemical experiment in the process of learning organic chemistry are determined. It has been found that the problem of using a chemical experiment to study the basic principles of the structure of organic compounds, methods of their synthesis and properties requires further research in order to adapt the methodology of conducting experiments to the conditions under which the use of precursors and toxic substances is limited. The greatest attention was focused on methodological aspects of reproduction and description of experiments on the oxidation of organic compounds, since most of such experiments had to be adapted to the conditions under which the use of potassium permanganate is prohibited. The results of the conducted research showed the possibility of adapting the methods of a small laboratory workshop in organic chemistry to the conditions underwhich the use of precursors and toxic substances is excluded. As a substitute for potassium permanganate solution, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate solutions were used and a positive result was obtained. Developed recommendations can be used for research and conducting laboratory work in laboratories of educational institutions.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of conducting a small laboratory workshop as a means of studying the course of organic chemistry without the use of reagents included in the list of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. During the writing of the article, such methods of scientific research as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization were used - to find out the state of solving the researched problem in the theory and methodology of teaching chemistry, to determine the theoretical foundations of the research, as well as a chemical experiment - to conduct experimental research and proving the effectiveness of theoretical assumptions. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the tasks, main functions and requirements for a chemical experiment in the process of learning organic chemistry are determined. It has been found that the problem of using a chemical experiment to study the basic principles of the structure of organic compounds, methods of their synthesis and properties requires further research in order to adapt the methodology of conducting experiments to the conditions under which the use of precursors and toxic substances is limited. The greatest attention was focused on methodological aspects of reproduction and description of experiments on the oxidation of organic compounds, since most of such experiments had to be adapted to the conditions under which the use of potassium permanganate is prohibited. The results of the conducted research showed the possibility of adapting the methods of a small laboratory workshop in organic chemistry to the conditions underwhich the use of precursors and toxic substances is excluded. As a substitute for potassium permanganate solution, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate solutions were used and a positive result was obtained. Developed recommendations can be used for research and conducting laboratory work in laboratories of educational institutions.
Description
Теорія та методика навчання хімії
Citation
Підгурська В. О. Удосконалення лабораторного практикуму з органічної хімії відповідно до умов сьогодення / В. О Підгурська, Г. В. Сакалова // Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Теорія та методика навчання природничих наук. – Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2022. – № 2. – С. 56-67.