Штольні з видобутку фосфоритів на Поділлі як потенційні гірничопромислові геосайти
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Authors
Страшевська, Л. В.
Корінний, В. І.
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Вінниця : ВДПУ
Abstract
Одними з найвідоміших корисних копалин Поділля є конкреційні фосфорити, які в минулому використовувались для виробництва фосфорних мінеральних добрив. Фосфоритові конкреції виникли у пізньому венді і приурочені до морських відкладів калюських верств. На початку пізньої крейди Сеноманське море розмило калюський фосфоритовий горизонт, а нерівності морського дна стали своєрідними пастками, де концентрація фосфоритів сягнула меж рентабельності їх видобутку. Розробка фосфоритів тривала більше 60-ти років і продовжувалася із 70-х рр. ХІХ ст. до 30-рр. ХХ ст. Видобуток, особливо на перших порах, проводився стихійно, безсистемно і хаотично. В таких умовах були прокладені сотні кілометрів незадокументованих підземних ходів. За десятки років після експлуатації багато копалень обвалилися, затопилися водою, замулились. Зсувні та інші природні процеси повністю перекрили доступ до багатьох підземних виробок, а їх існування поступово стирається і з людської пам’яті. Разом з тим, фосфоритові копальні є яскравим прикладом освоєння земних надр, сторінками минулого українського народу. Тому варто провести вивчення архівних і фондових матеріалів, організувати експедиційні дослідження з метою складання каталогу старих фосфоритових штолень й відбору найбільш цікавих об’єктів для оголошення їх гірничопромисловими геосайтами. В перспективі доцільне створення і музею видобутку подільських фосфоритів.
One of the most famous minerals in Podillya is nodule phosphorites, which has used for the production of phosphorites fertilizers in the past. From phosphorites nodule other regions of the world. The nodules from Podillya differ the clear radial-rayed structure, which was observed in all of the classic, including in foreign research works on relevant topics and which is perceived as axiomatic truth. Phosphorite nodules have originated during the Upper Vendian and dedicated to marine sediments Kalus beds. In the early Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian sea washed away Kalus a phosphorite horizon and the roughness of the seabed have become a kind of trap, where the concentration of phosphorite reached the limits of profitability of their production. The industrial importance has only secondary (protagen) nodules, which are common among green sands and marls in the base of the Cenomanian Cretaceous system. That is why all of phosphorite gallery have dedicated only to the basal layers of the Cenoman. The developments of phosphorites has carried out in three districts of Podillya: Prydnisterskiy, Serednoyshuckiy and Verhnoyshuckiy. Most revealing among them is Pridnisterskiy region where phosphorite striplength up to 100 km stretches from the Northwest to the Southeast and coincides approximately with the direction of flow of the Dniester. That is along it have separated with a few exceptions by considerable intervals mines. After extraction of the phosphorite, adits were later abandoned, and today no one investigated. The development of phosphorites lasted more than 60 years and continued from the 70-its of the XIX century up to the 30-ies of the XX century. Mining, was carried out spontaneously, unsystemly and randomle especially at first. In such conditions there has been laid hundreds of kilometers of underground tunnels. Many operating collapsed stabilis with water silted up for decades after the exploitation of mines collapsed. sliding and other natural processes have completely blocked the access to many underground workings, and their existence is gradually erased from human memory. However, phosphorites mines is a vivid example of the exploration of the earth’s interior pages of the past of the Ukrainian people. Therefore it is necessary to conduct a study of archival and fond materials, organize field researches with the purpose of making a catalogue of old phosphorite galleries and selection of the most interesting objects to declare their mining and industrial geosites. Among pre examined mines we can noted a small tunnel on the right bank of Kalus nea Cucha village. Heap, which is the best preserved and among the most interesting and informative. In the future, along with the geological structure of the region and the history of its geological development, the research results can be presented in the new Museum of the Podillya production of phosphorites.
One of the most famous minerals in Podillya is nodule phosphorites, which has used for the production of phosphorites fertilizers in the past. From phosphorites nodule other regions of the world. The nodules from Podillya differ the clear radial-rayed structure, which was observed in all of the classic, including in foreign research works on relevant topics and which is perceived as axiomatic truth. Phosphorite nodules have originated during the Upper Vendian and dedicated to marine sediments Kalus beds. In the early Upper Cretaceous Cenomanian sea washed away Kalus a phosphorite horizon and the roughness of the seabed have become a kind of trap, where the concentration of phosphorite reached the limits of profitability of their production. The industrial importance has only secondary (protagen) nodules, which are common among green sands and marls in the base of the Cenomanian Cretaceous system. That is why all of phosphorite gallery have dedicated only to the basal layers of the Cenoman. The developments of phosphorites has carried out in three districts of Podillya: Prydnisterskiy, Serednoyshuckiy and Verhnoyshuckiy. Most revealing among them is Pridnisterskiy region where phosphorite striplength up to 100 km stretches from the Northwest to the Southeast and coincides approximately with the direction of flow of the Dniester. That is along it have separated with a few exceptions by considerable intervals mines. After extraction of the phosphorite, adits were later abandoned, and today no one investigated. The development of phosphorites lasted more than 60 years and continued from the 70-its of the XIX century up to the 30-ies of the XX century. Mining, was carried out spontaneously, unsystemly and randomle especially at first. In such conditions there has been laid hundreds of kilometers of underground tunnels. Many operating collapsed stabilis with water silted up for decades after the exploitation of mines collapsed. sliding and other natural processes have completely blocked the access to many underground workings, and their existence is gradually erased from human memory. However, phosphorites mines is a vivid example of the exploration of the earth’s interior pages of the past of the Ukrainian people. Therefore it is necessary to conduct a study of archival and fond materials, organize field researches with the purpose of making a catalogue of old phosphorite galleries and selection of the most interesting objects to declare their mining and industrial geosites. Among pre examined mines we can noted a small tunnel on the right bank of Kalus nea Cucha village. Heap, which is the best preserved and among the most interesting and informative. In the future, along with the geological structure of the region and the history of its geological development, the research results can be presented in the new Museum of the Podillya production of phosphorites.
Description
Дослідження антропогенних ландшафтів
Citation
Страшевська Л. В., Корінний В. І. Штольні з видобутку фосфоритів на Поділлі як потенційні гірничопромислові геосайти. Наукові записки Вінницького державного педагогічного університету імені Михайла Коцюбинського. Серія: Географія. Вінниця, 2016. Вип. 28, №3-4. С. 45-51