Імпліцитна негативна оцінка в сучасному англомовному діалогічному дискурсі: когнітивно-прагматичний аспект

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено вивченню імпліцитної негативної оцінки в сучасному англомовному діалогічному дискурсі. Уточнено термінологічні межі поняття імпліцитної негативної оцінки, розглянуто її структуру та соціопрагматичні фактори імпліцитного способу репрезентації у комунікації. Розкрито когнітивно-номінативну специфіку явища та когнітивно-прагматичний аспект реалізації та функціонування у мовленнєвій взаємодії. Змодельовано когнітивно-комунікативну модель ІНО в англомовному діалогічному дискурсі.

Диссертация посвящена изучению имплицитной негативной оценки в современном англоязычном диалогическом дискурсе. Определены терминологические границы понятия имплицитной негативной оценки, рассмотрены ее структура и социопрагматические факторы имплицитного способа репрезентации в речи. Раскрыты когнитивно-номинативная специфика явления и когнитивно-прагматический аспект реализации и функционирования в речевом взаимодействии. Смоделирована когнитивно-коммуникативная модель ИНО в англоязычном диалогическом дискурсе.

The thesis focuses on the study of the speaker's implicit negative evaluation in modern English dialogic discourse. The research is aimed at a complex study of the cognitive and communicative specificity of the phenomenon under investigation. The paper considers the speaker’s implicit negative evaluation in close correlation with psycho-emotional and socio-cultural aspects of its realization. The fragments of dialogic discourse taken from contemporary British and American fiction, feature films and series serve as the material of the study. The cognitive and pragmatic approach outlines theoretical and methodological framework of the research. Thus, the implicit negative evaluation is defined as the mental and discursive interaction between the speaker and the addressee, in which the negative evaluation not formally expressed in the utterance by linguistic units, is expressed in its implicit meaning. The results of the research show that expression of the speaker’s implicit negative evaluation is realized in communication due to cognitive factors. Cognitive operations of referent situation re-perspectivization provide construal of the speaker’s implicit negative evaluation in the interaction. The paper defines dialogic re-perspectivization as a transformation of the referent situation image offered by a communicative partner to the one that conveys the negative attitude to this situation implicitly. This transformation is performed by a series of simple and combined cognitive operations. The study reveals that cognitive and pragmatic factors of mental and verbal interaction between communicants ensure functioning of the speaker’s implicit negative evaluation in dialogic discourse. Activation of mental models from the speaker's and the addressee’s common knowledge maximizes optimal relevance of the implicit negative evaluation in the specific communicative situation and, thus, stipulates its functioning. The results of the study prove that social and pragmatic aspects of the interaction define implicitness of negative evaluation. We elaborate classification of these factors as follows: compliance with the principle of courtesy, preserving the communicant's "face", the rationality principle in communication and the presence of the listener during the interaction between the speaker and the addressee. The speaker's implicit negative evaluation is an element of his strategic speech behaviour. Manipulative and confrontational strategies are the main types of discursive strategies with implicit negative evaluation typically included into the speaker's utterance. In dialogic interaction, these strategies are implemented in the form of specific tactics of implicit negative evaluation or implicit negative self-evaluation. The research reveals that the addressee's response to the speaker's implicit negative evaluation is realized in his responsive tactics. These include groups of protective (actively protective and passively protective), attacking, and neutral tactics of the addressee's responsiveness. The paper presents implicit negative evaluation in the form of a cognitive and communicative model actualized in the axiological structure of the dialogic discourse. The model includes pre-evaluative, evaluative, and post-evaluative blocks. The pre-evaluative block contains information about the stimulus that provokes the speaker's negative evaluation and emotion. The evaluative block is the compositional and semantic centre of the model. It comprises information about communicative purpose, speaker’s intentions, choice of tactics and its verbal and non-verbal implementation. The results of the analysis conducted in the research testify to the realization of implicit negative evaluation indicators, such as: verbal (lexical, grammatical, syntactic, and stylistic) and non-verbal ('a look', 'voice', 'posture', 'gesture', 'distance', 'smile', and 'artefact'). The post-evaluative block includes information about the consequences of the speaker's implicit negative evaluation in the dialogic interaction.