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Становище римо-католицької церкви на Вінниччині у другій половині 1940-х – початку 1950-х рр. (за матеріалами звітів обласної ради по справах релігійних культів)
(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2026) Войнаровський, Анатолій; Жмуд, Наталка
The purpose of the study is to analyze, based on materials from the Vinnytsia branch of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the state of functioning of the Catholic denomination in the Vinnytsia region; to trace the specifics of relations between the authorities, the Catholic clergy, and parishioners; to determine to what extent Catholic believers in the postwar period were able to exercise their right to freedom of religion and what survival practices they adopted under the peak of Stalinist totalitarianism; and to characterize the sentiments of the faithful. The research methodology combines general scientific and historical methods, the main ones being generalization, problem-chronological, historical-systemic, and comparative-historical approaches. Considerable attention is given to statistical analysis in tracing the dynamics of the number of religious communities and to content analysis of the reports of the Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Vinnytsia region. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, for the first time, archival materials of reports and analytical memoranda of the Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs for the Vinnytsia region have been introduced into scholarly circulation, allowing for an analysis of the state of the Catholic community in Vinnytsia region during 1945–1952. Conclusions. The activity of the Catholic Church in the Vinnytsia region during the postwar period was conditioned by several factors. In particular, the Nazi occupation had revived the life of religious communities, while the Stalinist regime—seeking both to consolidate the population of the USSR and to present itself favorably before the Allies in the anti-Hitler coalition—could not completely suppress the Catholic community’s activity. Compared to other Christian denominations in the region, Catholics in Vinnytsia faced perhaps the greatest pressure from the Stalinist regime. Their conduct under such harsh conditions amounted to a struggle for survival. They were forced to renounce their values, refrain from recognizing the supremacy of the Vatican, and accept Stalinist ideological claims about the “imperialist nature” of the Roman Pope’s policy. The authorities used various pretexts to divide and eliminate Catholic communities—such as the small number of parishioners, alleged anti-Soviet behavior, or “suspicious” ties with Western countries. The Stalinist regime also sought to deprive Catholics of access to sacred buildings, justifying it by the poor condition of churches, the supposed need to use them for economic or cultural-educational purposes, or the presence of another church “nearby.” Believers were also subjected to economic pressure, with strict monitoring of tax payments and the fulfillment of work quotas in collective farms. Thus, the authorities exerted severe pressure on the Catholic community of Vinnytsia region and aimed at its complete liquidation.
Діяльність антирадянської еміграції в організації «Прометей» у 1928–1939 рр.
(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2026) Комар, Володимир; Шваб, Анатолій
The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the Prometheus organization, which was established in Warsaw in 1928 and united non-Russian emigrants of the former Romanov Empire under Polish suzerainty. Its activities developed in line with the concept of Prometheism of the camp of J. Pilsudski, aimed at the dismemberment of the Soviet Union into separate national republics and their unification into a federation with Poland. Special attention in the context of the study is paid to the Ukrainian Petliura emigration, which was assigned the main role in the implementation of the concept of Prometheism. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and purely historical research methods, including problem-chronological and comparative-historical approaches. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that using the above methods, the activities of the branches of the Prometheus organization are revealed, in particular in Paris, Helsinki, Istanbul and Harbin. Analysis of the policy of J. Pilsudski and his associates, which was focused on uniting the efforts of anti-Soviet emigration, showed that it had a great-power character and was aimed at building a greater Poland “from sea to sea”. A necessary and sufficient condition for the implementation of these intentions was the liquidation of the USSR with its subsequent division into states semidependent on Poland. Thus, Ukraine, Crimea, Georgia, Azerbaijan and other republics were to arise on the national outskirts, united in a federation or confederation with Poland. It was envisaged that the territory of the USSR would be limited to the borders of the Moscow Kingdom of the 16th century. Conclusions. Thus, the Prometheus organization was founded with the aim of practical implementation of the Polish concept of Prometheism, which had a clearly expressed anti-Russian, anti-Soviet and anti-communist orientation. Its activities were carried out with the tacit support of the Polish special services, which developed strategies for using the national liberation movements of non-Russian peoples of the USSR in their own geopolitical interests. The ultimate goal of implementing this concept was the national-territorial dismemberment of the Soviet Union and the formation of the project of "Greater Poland", based on federal ties with Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Crimea and other republics. The policy of Prometheism envisaged the creation of a number of semiindependent national states on the ruins of the USSR with the further orientation of their development to the dominant interests of the Polish state. At the same time, one of the strategic mistakes of the ideologists of Prometheism was the overestimation of the internal weakness of the Soviet Union. The beginning of World War II actually stopped the implementation of Poland's Promethean plans.
Історіографічний дискурс концептуального тлумачення «колоніальної спадщини» України у 20–30-х рр. ХХ ст.
(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2026) Даниленко, Віктор; Марочко, Василь
The colonial status of Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire and Soviet colonial practices in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s and 1930s is a minimum – researched historiographical problem. Modern Ukrainian historiography of Soviet neocolonialism is recently being formed. Western political science highlighted the formation and functioning of the totalitarian regime – the "Soviet evil empire". The Ukrainian diaspora actively studied the issue of "colonial exploitation" of Ukraine by Russia. Therefore, we have a significant gap in historiography. The research methodology is determined by the practical task of the article, so its main theoretical approach is the structural and functional analysis of historiographical sources. The purpose of the article is to establish the fact of historiographical interpretation of the concept and phenomenon of "colonial heritage" of Ukraine, i.e. the signs of its colonial position. Scientific novelty discover the combination of historiographical discourse with the identification of conceptual features the study of a scientific problem. Conclusions. A historiographical fact of studying the relations between the "metropolis" (Russia) and the "colony" (Ukraine) in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has been established. It is noted that in the 1920s. there was a public discussion about the presence of signs of "colonial vestiges" in the system of public administration and in the relations of the union government with the Ukrainian SSR. "Volobuevshchyna" confirmed to the presence of "colonial remnants" in the economic life of Soviet Ukraine, and therefore is the theoretical basis for the study of Soviet colonial practices.
Більшовицькі репресії проти сіоністських організацій та єврейської спільноти в Україні (20–30-ті рр. ХХ ст.).
(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2026) Журба, Михайло; Жолоб, Михайло
The purpose of the article is to analyze the ideological foundations and mechanism of the Bolshevik regime’s repressions against the Zionist movement and individual representatives of the Jewish community in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s. The research methodology is based on special methods of historical science – comparative-historical, problem-chronological, as well as on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and critical processing of sources, which, combined with the principles of historicism, objectivity and complexity, allowed for a comprehensive study of the stated issues. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematization and generalization of the mechanisms of political repressions directed against Zionist parties and representatives of the Jewish nation in Ukraine, as well as in revealing the relationship between the ideological attitudes of the Bolshevik leadership, everyday anti-Semitism and the practice of falsifying political accusations. Conclusions. The analysis of the processed documents and research works allows us to conclude that the Soviet authorities purposefully destroyed alternative forms of national self-organization of Jews in Ukraine, treating Zionism as an ideologically hostile movement and a threat to the political monopoly of the Bolshevik party, and the Jewish population as a potentially disloyal social group. The repressions, which began with selective arrests and liquidation of Zionist organizations in the early 1920s, in the middle of the next decade grew into mass persecutions, supplemented by accusations of “Trotskyism”, “espionage” and the active use of anti-Semitic stereotypes in investigative and punitive practice. As a result, the implementation of this policy led to the destruction of the political, cultural, and intellectual infrastructure of Jewish life in Ukraine, the marginalization of the national elite, and the loss of important forms of public self-organization, which became part of the broader process of establishing totalitarian control in Soviet society
Житлове питання української еміграції в Чехословаччині (1920-ті рр.)
(Вінниця: ВДПУ, 2026) Зубко, Ольга; Мельничук, Олег
The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of those forms of solving the housing issue (the provision of free social housing by the czechoslovak leadership, its permission to rent and purchase housing), which were inherent in the Czechoslovak Republic and which were offered to ukrainian political refugees who found shelter in this country in the 1920s after the defeat of the national liberation struggle of 1917–1921. Research methodology. It is based on a combination of general historical methods and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of sociocultural adaptation. Among the main research methods are problem-historical, comparative, specific-historical, and source analysis. Scientific novelty is the consideration of the Ukrainian emigration housing issue in the context of the temporary nature of the «Russian relief action». Conclusions. Unfortunately, the Ukrainian political emigration failed to resolve the housing issue. Firstly, this was explained by the «Russian relief action» itself. The leadership of the CzSR did not hide its hopes for a quick change in the political regime in Ukraine; it was convinced that the political Ukrainian opposition, which had found refuge in Czechoslovakia, «if not today, then tomorrow» would return, come to power and play a major role in the revival of the new Ukraine, reconstructing and europeanizing it. Secondly, Ukrainian political refugees had to reckon with the lack of finances as such, and, therefore, rely exclusively on temporary social free housing. Thirdly, it was not necessary to discount the numerous attempts by the USSR to morally decompose Ukrainian political emigration in the interwar Czechoslovakia by exploiting the non-monolithic nature of its political platform (the povorotnytstvo of 1925-1926). And fourthly, the closure of the Czechoslovak labor market for «non-Czechs» and the gradual normalization of Czechoslovak-Soviet relations in the late 1920s contributed to the failure to resolve the Ukrainian emigration housing issue. Ukrainian political exiles quickly left temporary social free housing, looked for work (worked and studied with scholarships) to rent a room or apartment. Only a small proportion of Ukrainian emigrants managed to purchase their own housing